Learning maps

Mind maps and concept maps are an alternative or complement to traditional, ‘linear’ writing in sentences and paragraphs. Both mind maps and concept maps enable the learner to visually represent and identify associations between ideas and concepts. They can be used prior to writing to help students explore a topic and generate a writing plan, or they can be used by themselves to assist learners to understand interrelated and complex material.

Mind maps tend to be less structured than concept maps and generally have the main idea or topic in the centre of the map in a circle. From the centre of the map, lines are drawn with associated ideas written on the lines, with branches forming as ideas are explored in greater detail. Mind maps can include words, symbols, colours and shapes, and interrelated ideas in different parts of the map can be linked through the use of arrows (Cacioppe, 1989). They can be a useful tool for starting essays, taking notes, and reviewing material in preparation for exams.

Concept maps provide a framework for representing the nature of relationships between concepts rather than simply establishing a relationship between concepts. These maps tend to have a hierarchical structure, with general concepts at the top and specific ones towards the bottom. Concepts are usually written in boxes and the specific nature of the relationship between the concepts is written on lines between the boxes. Creating a map allows learners to visually represent, generally on a single page, their understanding of a topic. In addition to constructing personal meaning, the student (or teacher) can also uncover areas of misunderstanding (Fraser, 1996).

In what situations would mind maps and concept maps be useful as learning tools for your students? How might you use them in your teaching?

• Cacioppe, R. (1989). Mind maps. West Perth: Integra.
• Fraser, K. (1996). Student-centred teaching: The development and use of conceptual frameworks. HERDSA Green Guide No. 18. Jamison Centre, ACT: Higher Education Research and Development Society of Australasia.